Which type of epithelial cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor?

Parietal cells are specialized epithelial cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach lining. Their primary function is to secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption. The secretion of HCl creates a highly acidic environment in the stomach, which is important for digestion and protecting against pathogens. Additionally, intrinsic factor produced by parietal cells helps in the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine by binding to it and facilitating its uptake.

Understanding the role of parietal cells emphasizes their importance in digestive processes and nutrient absorption, clarifying why this type of epithelial cell is specifically responsible for these secretions in the stomach.