Which source of mutation is known to have no repair mechanisms?

Transposons, also known as "jumping genes," are segments of DNA that can move around to different positions within the genome of a single cell. These mobile genetic elements can insert themselves into various locations, potentially disrupting genes and regulatory regions. The notable characteristic of transposons is that, when they insert into the genome, they often create mutations that the cellular repair mechanisms do not effectively correct.

While other sources of mutation such as point mutations, inversions, and indels can often be repaired by various DNA repair systems, transposons can introduce large segments of DNA that may not be immediately recognized or repaired by these systems. Consequently, when transposons insert into a new genomic location, they can result in a mutation that remains uncorrected, leading to lasting changes in the genome. This property makes transposons a significant source of genetic variability and evolution, particularly in certain organisms.

In contrast, point mutations typically involve a change in a single nucleotide and are often subject to repair mechanisms such as base excision repair. Inversions involve large sections of DNA being flipped and might be repaired if they disrupt gene function or expression. Indels, which refer to the insertion or deletion of small sequences of DNA, can also be recognized and repaired