Which of the following are considered gluconeogenic precursors?

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway through which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors. Precursors that can initiate this process include specific molecules that are converted into intermediates that enter the gluconeogenic pathway.

Lactate is a gluconeogenic precursor because it can be converted back to pyruvate through the action of lactate dehydrogenase. Pyruvate is a key starting point for gluconeogenesis, as it can undergo a series of reactions to eventually form glucose.

Glycerol, which is released from the hydrolysis of triglycerides, can also be converted into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), an intermediate in the gluconeogenesis pathway. This allows it to contribute effectively to the synthesis of glucose.

Oxaloacetate (OAA) is another crucial precursor, as it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle and can be directly converted into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which then continues through the gluconeogenic pathway to produce glucose.

Thus, the correct answer highlights lactate, glycerol, and oxaloacetate as effective gluconeogenic precursors because they can be transformed into intermediates that link to the synthesis of glucose.

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