What type of gene is p53 known as?

p53 is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. Tumor suppressor genes play a crucial role in regulating cell growth and proliferation by controlling the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis (programmed cell death) when necessary. The p53 protein, often referred to as the "guardian of the genome," is pivotal in preventing the accumulation of genetic mutations by activating DNA repair processes or initiating cell death if the damage is too severe.

When the p53 gene is mutated or dysfunctional, it can no longer perform its protective role, leading to uncontrolled cell division and potentially contributing to the development of cancer. This characteristic distinctly classifies p53 as a tumor suppressor, emphasizing its role in maintaining cellular integrity and preventing tumor growth.

Understanding the function of p53 highlights the importance of tumor suppressor genes in cancer biology and underscores the need for mechanisms that enforce genetic stability within cells.