What two hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary?

The correct response highlights the two key hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary, which are antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, and oxytocin (OXT).

ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body. It acts primarily on the kidneys, promoting water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, leading to concentrated urine and reduced water loss. This regulation is vital for maintaining homeostasis and blood pressure.

Oxytocin is significant for various physiological functions, particularly in childbirth and lactation. During labor, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, which are vital for the delivery process. After childbirth, it aids in milk ejection during breastfeeding by promoting contractions of the mammary glands.

Understanding the synthesis and release of these hormones is essential, as they are integral to the body's ability to regulate vital functions related to hydration and reproductive health. This distinguishes them from the other hormone pairs listed, which are not synthesized in the hypothalamus nor released from the posterior pituitary.