What three components increase following glucagon binding to its receptor?

When glucagon binds to its receptor, it initiates a signaling cascade that primarily activates adenylate cyclase, which in turn catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP). The increase in cAMP serves as a second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA).

Cyclic AMP is crucial because it amplifies the signal received from glucagon and plays a vital role in various metabolic processes, particularly in increasing blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The activation of protein kinase A is essential for these processes, as PKA phosphorylates key target enzymes involved in breaking down glycogen and synthesizing glucose.

Thus, the correct choice highlights the increase in cyclic AMP, protein kinase A, and the involvement of adenylate cyclase, which collectively facilitate the biological responses to glucagon, promoting glucose release into the bloodstream. The understanding of how these components interact illustrates the role of glucagon in maintaining glucose homeostasis, particularly during fasting states when blood sugar levels need to be elevated.