What sequence do prokaryotes use to initiate translation?

Prokaryotes initiate translation using the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, which is a ribosomal binding site located upstream of the start codon in the mRNA. This sequence plays a crucial role in the recruitment of the ribosome to the mRNA for translation. Specifically, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is complementary to a portion of the 16S rRNA in the small subunit of the ribosome, allowing for proper alignment of the ribosomal machinery at the start of the coding sequence.

Once the ribosome is properly positioned, the corresponding start codon, which is typically AUG, is then recognized as the site where translation begins. However, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is essential for ensuring that the ribosome binds in the right place on the mRNA, so while the start codon is important for the initiation of protein synthesis, the actual process of initiating translation in prokaryotes starts with the interaction of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the ribosome.

In contrast, other options relate to elements involved in different aspects of translation. The 5' cap is a feature of eukaryotic mRNA that helps in the initiation of translation in eukaryotes, while the translation termination sequence is