What process do glucocorticoids primarily promote during prolonged stress?

Glucocorticoids, which are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, play a significant role in the body’s response to prolonged stress. One of their primary effects is to promote fat metabolism, also known as lipolysis. During periods of stress, the body's energy demands increase to deal with the challenging situation. Glucocorticoids stimulate the breakdown of stored fats into free fatty acids, which can then be used as an energy source. This process helps provide the necessary energy for the body to cope with stress while also supporting various physiological functions.

In contrast, while glucocorticoids may influence other metabolic processes, their most significant action during prolonged stress is to mobilize fat stores for energy. This mobilization of fat reserves plays a critical role in maintaining energy balance during extended periods of stress, thereby ensuring that the body has sufficient energy to manage and respond to stressful stimuli effectively.