What is the total ribosomal subunit size in prokaryotes?

In prokaryotes, the total size of the ribosomal subunit is measured in Svedberg units (S), which reflect the sedimentation rate of the ribosome during ultracentrifugation. Prokaryotic ribosomes are made up of two subunits: the small subunit, which is 30S, and the large subunit, which is 50S. When these two subunits combine during protein synthesis, they form a complete ribosome that has a total size of 70S. This is a distinctive feature of prokaryotic ribosomes that differentiates them from eukaryotic ribosomes, which are larger and comprised of 60S and 40S subunits, combining to form an 80S ribosome.

Understanding the importance of ribosomal size is crucial because it influences the mechanism of translation and the overall function of protein synthesis within the cell. The 70S ribosomal structure is specifically adapted to the needs and environment of prokaryotic cells.