What is the function of Langerhans cells?

Langerhans cells are specialized dendritic cells located in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. Their primary function is to act as antigen-presenting cells. This means they play a crucial role in the immune response by capturing, processing, and presenting antigens (foreign substances that can provoke an immune response) to T-cells. When Langerhans cells encounter pathogens, they take up these antigens and migrate to the lymph nodes, where they activate T-cells, thereby facilitating the body’s immune response against infections or foreign substances.

This function is vital for the adaptive immune system because it helps to ensure that the body can recognize and respond to specific pathogens effectively. The ability of Langerhans cells to interact with other immune cells promotes a systemic immune response that is tailored to the specific antigens presented, emphasizing their role in maintaining immune surveillance in the skin.

In contrast, producing melanin is associated with melanocytes, which are responsible for skin pigmentation and protect against UV radiation. Providing deep pressure sensation relates to mechanoreceptors located in the skin, while responding to stretch involves different sensory receptors, none of which are the function of Langerhans cells.