What is the consequence of excess fluid in the alveoli?

Excess fluid in the alveoli has a significant impact on gas exchange, primarily leading to reduced effectiveness in this vital process. The alveoli, which are the small air sacs in the lungs, are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream. When fluid accumulates in these structures, it creates a barrier that prevents oxygen from effectively diffusing into the blood and similarly hinders carbon dioxide from being expelled from the blood into the alveoli.

This fluid accumulation can lead to conditions such as pulmonary edema, which results in impaired gas exchange and decreased oxygenation of the blood. Consequently, individuals experiencing this excess fluid may have difficulty breathing, decreased oxygen saturation, and bronchodilation that does not compensate for the lack of gas exchange efficiency. Thus, an increase in fluid in the alveoli correlates directly with challenges in effective and efficient gas exchange, making it the correct answer to the question regarding the consequences of excess fluid in the alveoli.