What does parietal cells secrete in the stomach?

Parietal cells, located in the lining of the stomach, are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. Hydrochloric acid is crucial for creating the acidic environment necessary for digestive enzymes to function properly, particularly pepsinogen, which is secreted by chief cells. This acidic environment also helps to kill pathogens that may be ingested with food.

Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestines, which is vital for red blood cell formation and the proper functioning of the nervous system. The secretion of both HCl and intrinsic factor by parietal cells plays a significant role in digestion and maintaining overall health.

Understanding the role of parietal cells highlights their importance in the digestive system, as well as in the potential implications of their dysfunction, such as conditions leading to anemia due to inadequate vitamin B12 absorption.