What are the cells called that are involved in the breakdown of bone?

The cells responsible for the breakdown of bone are known as osteoclasts. These specialized cells play a crucial role in bone resorption, a process essential for maintaining the balance between bone formation and breakdown, which is vital for bone health and remodeling. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that originate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of the immune system. During bone resorption, osteoclasts adhere to the bone surface and secrete acids and enzymes that dissolve the mineral components and degrade the organic matrix of the bone.

In contrast, osteoblasts are involved in bone formation; they synthesize and secrete the components necessary for creating new bone tissue. Chondrocytes are cells found in cartilage and are responsible for maintaining cartilage structure and function, not directly affecting bone itself. Myocytes are muscle cells and do not play any role in bone metabolism. Understanding the distinct functions of these cell types is critical for comprehending how bone homeostasis is regulated within the skeletal system.