In the bicarbonate buffer system, what happens when the pH decreases and hydrogen ion concentration increases?

In the bicarbonate buffer system, an increase in hydrogen ion concentration leads to a corresponding decrease in pH, indicating a more acidic environment. This condition is referred to as acidemia. The body responds to increasing acidity and a lower pH by increasing the respiratory rate. By breathing faster, the body can exhale more carbon dioxide (CO2), which helps shift the bicarbonate reaction to the left, ultimately reducing hydrogen ion concentration and raising the pH back towards normal levels.

The connection between acidemia and increased respiratory rate is a key physiological response aimed at restoring acid-base balance in the body. This ensures that the pH remains within the narrow range necessary for proper cellular function.