Chromosomes are primarily composed of what two substances?

Chromosomes are primarily composed of proteins and DNA, which work together to create the structure and function essential for genetic material. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, serves as the hereditary material that contains the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. Proteins, particularly histones, play a crucial role by binding to the DNA, facilitating its organization and compaction within the nucleus. This combination allows chromosomes to maintain structural integrity and regulate gene expression, ensuring that this vital information is effectively packed and accessible during processes such as cell division and gene transcription.

Understanding the foundational components of chromosomes is key to grasping mechanisms of heredity, gene expression, and cellular function.