An enzyme that catalyzes bond breaking through means other than hydrolysis and oxidation is known as what?

The correct answer is lyase. Lyases are enzymes that cleave bonds in molecules without the addition of water (which would be hydrolysis) or the involvement of oxidation and reduction reactions. They often break down larger molecules into smaller fragments and can also catalyze the formation of double bonds or rings by removing groups from a molecule.

For instance, a lyase might remove a carbon dioxide molecule from a compound, thereby splitting the original molecule into two parts. This distinguishes them from other classes of enzymes.

In contrast, ligases are responsible for forming bond connections in larger molecules using energy derived from ATP. Transferases facilitate the movement of functional groups from one molecule to another, and hydrolases catalyze the breaking of bonds via hydrolysis, which involves the addition of a water molecule. Thus, lyases are uniquely characterized by their ability to break bonds without water or involving oxidation.